History of Tobacco
Tobacco is believed to have been known since 6000 years BC.
Experts believe that the tobacco plant has been grown in America and it is believed that Native Americans have been using tobacco since 1 BC, including chewing and smoking tobacco.
In 1492 AD, Columbus discovered tobacco as "dry leaves" which is given as a gift. Also in 1492 Rodrigo de Jerez and Luis de Torres know cigarettes from Cuba.
In 1497, Robert Pane who accompanied Columbus on a second journey to write about tobacco use in Europe in his "De Insularium Ribitus."
In 1498 Columbus visited Trinidad and Tobago, and found the use of tobacco pipes. In 1499 Amerigo Vespucci observe the use of chewing tobacco on the Indians
History of Tobacco and Clove Cigarettes in Indonesia
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| Rara Mendut kretek Cigarettes |
Tobacco was brought to the island of Java by traders from around the Portuguese in the 1600s, so the word "tobacco" itself is a derivation of the word "tumbaco" in Portuguese rather than the word "tobacco" in English.
At first, the only rolling tobacco with dried corn husks, which are known as non "husks" because corn husks is a skin name in the Java language. Legend of cigarettes in the early history of Java is famous is the story of Rara Mendut.
Narrated Rara Mendut beauty wowed everyone, from the Duke of the Duchy Pati Pragola authorities, to include also Tumenggung Wiraguna, warlord Sultan Agung of Mataram kingdom that is very powerful at that time. However, Rara Mendut not a weak woman. She dared to resist the desire of Wiraguna Hero Member who wants to have it. In fact, he dared openly to show his love for another boy his choice, Pranacitra.
Tumenggung Wiraguna the wrath and envy then requires Rara Mendut to pay taxes to the kingdom of Mataram. Rara Mendut also have to think long to get the money to pay the tax. Aware of the beauty and fascination of all people, especially men to him, he finally arrived at a way to sell cigarettes that had been smoked with an expensive price to anyone who wants to buy it. Told that her lover Pranacitra Rara Mendut and eventually die together for the sake of their love.
Gradually at about the 19th century, was found smoking concoction by mixing tobacco with cloves, which were first discovered by a resident of Kudus, namely Haji Djamari.
The story of his invention began when he felt pain in the chest, then applying clove oil to relieve the pain and the pain ceased turns right. Djamari then had the idea to chop the cloves and mix it with tobacco and then rolled into cigarettes. After routinely smoke cigarettes creation, Djamari feel the pain disappeared. This news was spread quickly after he told his relatives. Demand "non drug" is also drain and serve many requests Djamari clove cigarettes.
Because when inhaled, burning cloves wheezes "bridge-bridge", the findings Djamari cigarette is known as "cigarettes". Initially, clove is wrapped in corn husks or leaves dried and sold per bundle where each tie consisting of 10, without the veil of packaging at all.
Djamari supposedly died in 1890. The identity and origin is still vague. Only the finding that continues to grow.
Early History of Cigarettes
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| HM. Nitisemito |
Ten years later, the discovery of H. Djamari be alluring merchandise on hand Nitisemito, pioneering tobacco industry in Kudus. Cigarette business was started by HM. Nitisemito in 1906 and in 1908 officially registered his business under the brand name "Bal Tjap Three". You could say it was a milestone step Nitisemito growth of cigarette industry in Indonesia.
Nitisemito an illiterate, son of Mother Markanah in a small village by the name Janggalan Rusdi. His father, Haji Sulaiman is the village head Janggalan. At age 17, he changed his name to Nitisemito. At that age, he migrated to Malang, East Java, to work as a laborer sewing clothes. This business is growing so he was able to become entrepreneurs confection. But a few years later this effort foundered because of debts. Nitisemito get back home and start a business making coconut oil, buffalo trade but failed. He then worked as a coachman gig while the tobacco trade. It was then that he became acquainted with mBok Nasilah, traders rolled cigarettes in Kudus.
Mbok Nasilah, which is also considered the inventor of the first cigarette, find cigarettes to replace the habit nginang in about 1870. In the stall, which has now become a fabric store Fahrida in Jalan Sunan Kudus, mBok nasilah cigarettes presenting its findings to the coachman who frequently visited his stall , Nginang habits often do result in dirty stalls coachman mBok Nasilah, so by presenting a cigarette, he tried to keep his stall is not dirty. At first he tried to mix cigarette. One of them by adding cloves to tobacco. The mixture is then wrapped in dried corn husks or leaves and tied with string. Smoking is favored by the coachman gig and pitchman. One of the fans is Nitisemito who was a coachman.
Nitisemito said to have married Nasilah and develop a clove cigarette business became the main merchandise. This business is thriving. Nitisemito label cigarette "smoking Tjap Manganese toad Ulo" (Cigarette Cap Frog eating snake). This name does not bring hockey instead become a laughingstock. Nitisemito then replace with Tjap Circle Three. Because the image circle in packaging similar to the ball, the brand is often called Bal Tiga. This nickname eventually became the official brand with additional Nitisemito (Tjap Bal Three H.M. Nitisemito).
Three Bal was officially established in 1914 in the village of Jati, Kudus. After 10 years of operation, Nitisemito able to build a large plant on an area of 6 hectares in the village of teak. When it is, in the sanctuary has been established 12 major tobacco companies, 16 medium-sized companies, and seven cigarette factory ketch. Among the big factory is owned by M. Atmowidjojo (brand Goenoeng Kedoe), HM Muslich (brand Pomegranate), H. Ali Asikin (brand Djangkar), Tjoa Khang Hay (brand Trio), and M. Sirin (brand Garbis & Manggis) ,
History records Nitisemito capable of commanding 10,000 workers and producing 10 million cigarettes per day 1938. Then to expand its business, he hired a bookkeeper from the Netherlands. Market its products is quite extensive, covering the cities in Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and even to Holland alone. He creatively market their products, for example by renting aircraft Fokker for 200 guilders at that time to promote his cigarette to Bandung and Jakarta
